CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

Topic 1.6 PETROLEUM AND ALKANES Fractional Distillation Cracking Combustion CRUDE OIL Introduction The vast majority of carbon-containing compounds in widespread use have been made from crude oil . Crude oil is also known as petroleum . Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons . A hydrocarbon is a substance containing carbon and hydrogen only . Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes . Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms. Each of the hydrocarbons present in crude oil has a slightly different use. Mixed together they are of no use at all. It is necessary, therefore, to separate them before they can be used productively. Crude oil is separated into its different components by a process called fractional distillation . The products of fractional distillation are often converted into other, even more useful hydrocarbons by a p...

Topic 1.5 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Introduction to Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Isomerism INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1.         Carbon compounds Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself. This enables it to form long chains (up to 5000 in length) of carbon atoms, and hence an almost infinite variety of carbon compounds are known. The tendency of identical atoms to form covalent bonds with each other and hence form chains is known as catenation. All organic compounds contain carbon. Most contain hydrogen. Carbon always forms four covalent bonds and hydrogen one. The physical and chemical properties of organic compounds depend on two factors: a)       The number and arrangement ...